SCIENCE 3 UNIT 9 - THE TOP LAYER OF EARTH

UNIT 9 – THE TOP LAYER OF EARTH

La Ñora, Thursday 3rd April 2014.

Page 105.

4^th What is soil made up of?

Soil is made up of particles of rock and minerals, air, water and humus.

5^th What is humus?

Humus is the remains of dead plants and animals.

6^th Why are animals important to soil?

Animals are important to soil because they help turn the dead plants and animals into humus.

7^th Where can we find soil?

We can find soil on the top layer of the Earth.

Page 106.

1^st What are the three layers of soil?

The three layers of soil are topsoil, subsoil and bedrock.

3^rd Copy and complete the chart.

Topsoil	Subsoil	Bedrock
decomposers insects	less water and air small rocks	bigger rocks little water and air

Page 107.

1^st What are the three types of soil? Describe their characteristics.

The three types of soil are fertile soil, poor soil and arid soil.

·     Fertile soil has lots of humus and water. Many plants can grow well in this type of soil.

·     Poor soil has little humus and water. It has more rocks than fertile soil. Only hard plants such as olive trees can grow in poor soil.

·     Arid soil has very little humus and water. It has lots of rocks or sand. Only very hardy plants, such as cacti can grow in arid soil.

Page 108.

2^nd Copy and complete the sentences.

a.  Plants and animals are important to the soil ecosystem.

b.                       Animals, such as snails eat dead plants and animals.

c. Decomposers living in the soil help turn plant and animal remains into humus.

Page 109.

1^st Look at the photos. Find objects made from these rocks and minerals in the kitchen.

ROCKS

The blackboard on the wall is made up of slate.

The kitchen worktop is made up of granite.

The floor is made up of marble.

MINERALS

The watch is made up of gold.

Salt on the table.

Pipes are made up of copper.

Pipes are made up of copper.

OTHER

The fridge (refrigerator) is made up of metal.

Forks, spoons, knives, pots, a sink and aluminum foil are made up of metal too.

Pages 112 and 113.

1^st Copy and complete the word map.

SOIL

TYPES	COMPONENTS	LAYER
fertile poor arid	rocks minerals humus air water	topsoil subsoil bedrock

2^nd Use the word map to copy and complete the sentences.

a.    Soil can be fertile, poor or arid.

b.   Soil is made up of rocks, minerals, humus, air and water.

c.    There are three layers in the soil. The top layer is called topsoil, the middle layer is called subsoil and the bottom layer is called bedrock.

3^rd Match and write the sentences.

a.          Fertile soil has lots of humus and water.

b.         Poor soil has a little humus and water.

c.          Arid soil has very little humus and water.

4^th In which type of soil do plants grow best? Why? Copy and complete the sentence with your answer.

Plants grow best in fertile soil because it has lots of humus and water.

5^th Copy and label the diagram of the soil.

topsoil

subsoil

bedrock

6^th Copy and complete the chart. Write the names of two types of rocks and minerals. How do we use them?

Rocks and minerals	Uses
slate granite marble gold salt copper	blackboards, roofs kitchen worktops floors watches, jewels food pipes, wires

SCIENCE 3 UNIT 8 - LANDSCAPES

La Ñora, Tuesday March 11th 2014

Page 91.

2^nd Copy and complete the sentences.

a)                                                                    A mountain landscape has mountains and valleys.

b)                                                                  A flat landscape has plains and plateaus.

c)                                                                    A coastal landscape has beaches and cliffs.

3^rd What natural and man-made features can you see in the different landscapes.

A mountain landscape has natural features: mountains and valleys.

A mountain landscape has man-made features: villages, roads, bridges…

A flat landscape has natural features: plains and plateaus.

A flat landscape has man-made features: villages, towns, cities, roads, highways and motorways, railways…

A coastal landscape has natural features: beaches and cliffs.

A coastal landscape has man-made features: houses, villages, towns and cities, ports, ships and boats, lighthouses...

4^th Copy and complete the chart.

Landscapes
Natural features	Man-made features
Mountains Hills Valley Trees Forests Plains Plateaus Beaches Cliffs Rivers Lakes Icecaps Seas Oceans	Fields Villages Towns Cities Buildings Roads Highways Motorways Bridges Railways Ports Canals Reservoirs

Page 92.

1^st Read and answer the questions.

a)                                                                    What is a group of mountains called?

A group of mountains is called a mountain range.

b)                                                                  Which is higher, a hill or a mountain?

A mountain is higher than a hill.

c)                                                                    What are valleys?

Valleys are the area of low land between mountains and hills.

2^nd Choose the correct words and write the sentences.

a)                                                                    Mountain life is hard.

b)                                                                  Very few plants and animals live at the top of a mountain.

c)                                                                    Mountain roads are narrow.

d)                                                                  Mountain towns are small.

summit

3^rd Copy and label the picture of a mountain.

			foot

 

Page 93.

1^st True or false? Copy the sentences and correct the ones that are false.

a)                                                                    Flat landscapes have hills. FALSE

Flat landscapes have no mountains or hills.

Flat landscapes have plains and plateaus.

b)                                                                  Plateaus have steep sides. TRUE.

c)                                                                    Plains are higher than plateaus.             FALSE

Plateaus are higher than plains.

Plains are lower than plateaus.

2^nd What’s the difference between a plain and a plateau?

A plain is low. A plateau is high.

Another difference between plains and plateaus is that plateaus have steep sides and plains haven’t.

Page 94.

1^st What colour are the features on the relief map?

Mountains are brown. HIGH LAND

Hills and plateaus are yellow. MEDIUM LAND

Plains are green. LOW LAND

2^nd Match the landscapes to the correct relief maps.

1)                                                                     Mountains à c)

2)                                                                  A plain à a)

3)                                                                  A plateau à b)

Page  95.

2^nd Identify the features in the river picture.

Upper course: source, tributaries.

Middle course: meanders, tributaries.

Lower course: meanders, mouth, tributaries.

Page 96.

2^nd Copy and label the features of a coastal landscape.

a)                                                                    It is an archipelago.

b)                                                                  It is a cape.

c)                                                                    It is a bay.

d)                                                                  It is an island.

e)                                                                   It is a cliff.

f)                                                                    It is a beach.

3^rd Order and write the letters to find features of a coastal landscapes.

ISLAND, BEACH, CAPE, CLIFF, BAY and ARCHIPELAGO.

Page 97.

1^st How do coastal landscapes change?

They were originally small fishing villages. Today they are tourist resorts with marinas.

4^th What can we do to protect coastal landscapes?

Don’t climb the cliffs.

Stay away from cliffs.

Don’t pick wild flowers.

Don’t pick up animals.

Don’t drop litter, rubbish or bottles.

Clean the beaches up before leaving.

Page 100.

1^st Copy and complete the word map.

Landscapes

Mountain landscape	Flat landscape	Coastal landscape
mountains valleys hills	plains plateaus	beaches cliffs islands bays capes

2^nd Use the word map to copy and complete the sentences.

a.                                                                      A mountain landscape has mountains, valleys and hills.

b.                                                                     A flat landscape has plains and plateaus.

c.                                                                      A coastal landscape has beaches, cliffs, islands, bays and capes.

3^rd Copy and classify the features of a landscape.

Natural features	Man-made features
mountains plains valleys cliffs	town port bridges roads

4^th Copy and complete the sentence about the parts of the river.

a.                                                                      Small rivers that join a main river are called tributaries.

b.                                                                     The place where a river ends its journey is called the mouth.

c.                                                                      The place where a river starts its journey is called the source.

d.                                                                     Meanders are when a river becomes wider and forms bends.

5^th Copy and match the landscapes with the sentences.

A MOUNTAIN LANDSCAPE:

·                                                                There are summits.

·                                                                Roads are narrow and winding.

A FLAT LANDSCAPE:

·                                                                Farmers grow crops like wheat and rice.

·                                                                There are big towns and cities.

A COASTAL LANDSCAPE:

·                                                                Tourists go to the beach here in summer.

·                                                                There’s a marina.